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Common Cold

What is the common cold?

The common cold is a viral infection of the head and chest. It may affect the nose, throat, sinuses, ears, trachea (windpipe), larynx (voice box), and bronchial tubes. It generally lasts 10 to 14 days.

Over 200 different viruses can cause colds. The infection is spread when viruses are passed to others through droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing or by person to person contact.

You are more likely to get a cold if you are living or working in crowded conditions.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms can include:

scratchy throat
earaches
fatigue
cough
loss of appetite
sore throat
chills
sinus congestion
watery eyes
headache
sneezing
thin, watery discharge from the nose (may become thick and greenish-yellow after a few days as immune system is activated. Does NOT indicate need for antibiotics).

How is it diagnosed?

There is no specific diagnostic test for the common cold. This very common condition is usually diagnosed on the basis of symptoms. If symptoms are severe, or they persist, an evaluation by a health care provider can be helpful to rule out complicating factors.

How is it treated?

Unfortunately, there are no medications that cure the common cold! You can relieve your symptoms temporarily with nonprescription medicines such as aspirin, acetaminophen (e.g. Tylenol), decongestant nose drops or sprays, cough syrups and drops, and throat lozenges. Medications which may relieve your cold are available over the counter at the Student Health pharmacy.

How can I take care of myself?

Avoid strenuous physical activity and get plenty of rest.
Drink extra fluids such as water, fruit juice, tea, and carbonated beverages.
Use nonprescription medication. You can also try home-made nose drops to relieve congestion. You can make these nose drops from a solution of 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup (6 oz) of water.
If congestion is severe, consider using a humidifier to increase air moisture, especially in your bedroom.

When should I call a health care provider?

Call a provider if you have any of the following symptoms:

shaking chill
skin rash
headache that lasts several days
chest pain
persistent pain in teeth or sinuses
severe fatigue
long-lasting or severe sore throat
thick yellow-green or gray phlegm coughed up repeatedly
a severe cough or cough that lasts more than 10 days
temperature of 101o F or more that lasts more than 2 days
shortness of breath or wheezing

What can be done to help prevent spread of the common cold?

Use tissues when coughing or sneezing or cough into your elbow to cover your mouth.
Wash your hands after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose.
Wash your hands before touching food, dishes, glasses, silverware, or other objects other people will be handling.
Avoid letting your nose or mouth touch public telephones or drinking fountains.
Avoid sharing food or eating utensils with others.